Sergey Makarov was born in Nekrasovka village, Khabarovskiy Krai. It was his father, a former player of the local Lokomotiv Khabarovsk, who brought him to a football school. After five years at school, Sergey was invited to SKA-Energiya. Lokomotiv Moscow spotted the young talent at the Children's Football League’s tournament called ‘Beskov And His Team’.

From 2013, Makarov started receiving call-ups to the youth team. On April 12 Sergey made his debut against the peers from Zenit. On April 22, 2014 the midfielder saw his name on the main team’s roster first time for the game against Ural.

Since 2011, Makarov has been a regular pick by the national youth team coaches. In 2013, the player helped Russia win the European Championship, and in 2015 won silver.